1. Source Registry

All legislation, guidance, and case law in Apex-Lens is derived from official UK government and regulatory sources. We do not author, paraphrase, or editorially alter statutory text.

2. Knowledge Graph Methodology

Apex-Lens is powered by the Apex Knowledge Graph — a structured representation of UK pensions law built specifically for professional research. The graph connects provisions, obligations, regulatory guidance, and case law through typed relationships.

How data flows into the graph

1. Extraction — Legislation text is parsed from official Crown Legislation Markup Language (CLML) XML. Provision boundaries, defined terms, and cross-references are identified from the markup structure, not inferred.
2. Obligation mapping — Statutory obligations are identified within provisions and linked to duty bearers (trustees, employers, TPR, actuary, etc.) and categorised by subject area.
3. Cross-referencing — Provisions are connected to relevant TPR guidance paragraphs and tribunal decisions through the knowledge graph, enabling navigation across sources.
4. Validation — Every provision carries a legal_anchor URI back to its legislation.gov.uk source, enabling independent verification.

Where AI is used

AI (Claude by Anthropic) is used in two controlled contexts:

• Obligation extraction — Identifying and categorising statutory obligations within provision text. All AI-extracted obligations are validated against source provisions and carry transparency labels in the interface.
• Admin curation — Assisting administrators with knowledge graph maintenance. AI suggestions require human confirmation before any changes are applied.

AI is never used to generate, paraphrase, or summarise legislation text shown to users. The statutory text you read in Apex-Lens is the official text from legislation.gov.uk.

In compliance with the EU AI Act (Art. 50), all AI-generated content is marked with transparency labels throughout the interface.

3. Currency & Versioning

Legislation changes over time through amendment, repeal, and commencement. Apex-Lens reflects the current in-force state of provisions as published on legislation.gov.uk.

• Point-in-time— Where shown, the “as at” date on a provision indicates the version of the legislation being displayed.
• Update lag — There may be a short delay between legislation.gov.uk publishing an amendment and Apex-Lens reflecting the change. We do not guarantee real-time synchronisation.
• Verification — Every provision links back to its source on legislation.gov.uk via the legal anchor URI. If currency matters to your work, verify against the official source.

4. Coverage & Quality

What is included

Quality measures

• 100% legal anchor coverage — every provision has a verified URI back to its official source
• Automated quality gates during extraction prevent incomplete or malformed provisions from entering the graph
• Hash-chained audit logging tracks all modifications to the knowledge graph (GDPR Art. 32 compliant)

Known limitations

• Statutory instruments coverage is focused on key pensions SIs; not all SIs affecting pensions are yet included
• Case law coverage is growing — current focus is on First-tier Tribunal determinations and key High Court/Court of Appeal decisions
• Cross-references between provisions and guidance are continuously being expanded

5. Important Caveats

6. Questions or Corrections

If you identify an error in our data, a missing provision, or have questions about our methodology, please contact us at hello@45black.tech. We take data accuracy seriously and investigate all reports.